Effect of the beginning time of intermittent pneumatic compression on hemodynamic and deep vein thrombosis of patients with major orthopedic surgery / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To investigate the effects of beginning time of intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) on hemodynamics and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of patients with major orthopedic surgery.Methods:A total of 99 patients who underwent major orthopaedic surgery in the Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University from January 2018 to December 2019 were selected as the research objects, which were assigned to ultra-early group, early group and control group, each group contained 33 cases. The IPC were used 3 days before surgery in the ultra-early group, 1 day before surgery in the early group, and after surgery in control group. The incidence of DVT and deep skin pressure injury within 14 days was observed, the blood flow velocity of deep femoral vein and plasma D-dimer in the three groups were also compared.Results:There was no significant difference in the incidence of DVT among the three groups ( P> 0.05), however, the deep tissue injury rate was 18.18% (6/33) in the ultra-early group, significantly higher than 3.03% (1/33) in the early group and 0 in control group, the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 value was 9.531, P<0.05). After 1 day and 3, 5, 7 days of surgery, the blood flow velocity of deep femoral vein in the ultra-early group and the early group were (26.48±2.24), (25.79±2.18), (26.67±3.74), (25.88±2.83) ml/s and (25.76±1.87), (25.39±1.98), (25.45±2.93), (25.48±3.75) ml/s, significantly higher than (23.39±1.75), (23.73±2.61), (23.79±2.30), (22.21±4.42) ml/s in the control group, the difference was statistically significant ( F values were 7.428-22.350, P<0.01). After 3, 5, 7 days of surgery, the levels of plasma D-dimer in the ultra-early group and the early group were (1.11±0.26), (1.03±0.23), (0.98±0.28) mg/L and (1.18±0.32), (1.12±0.24), (1.05±0.31) mg/L, significantly lower than (1.38±0.40), (1.32±0.39), (1.20±0.26) mg/L in the control group, the difference was statistically significant ( F values were 5.809, 8.442, 4.962, P<0.01). Conclusion:Using IPC one day before operation can significantly increase the blood flow velocity of deep femoral vein, reduce the level of plasma D-dimer, and do not increase the incidence of deep skin pressure injury in patients with major orthopedic surgery.

Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism Following Unilateral and Simultaneous Bilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty

Objective: Venous thromboembolism (VTE), which comprises pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis, is a known complication of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, data on the risk of VTE after simultaneous bilateral TKA, compared to that after single knee arthroplasty, is scarce. Methods: A retrospective study of electronic medical records of all adult patients who underwent simultaneous bilateral TKA or single unilateral TKA was conducted. Results: A total of 669 patients underwent TKA. Of these, 134 underwent simultaneous bilateral TKA while 535 underwent single unilateral TKA. All patients underwent pharmacological thromboprophylaxis for a median duration of 30 days. The incidence of confirmed VTE in all patients was 1.8% (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.9-3.0). VTE occurred in 8 of the 134 patients (6%, 95% CI: 2.2-10.4) who underwent simultaneous bilateral TKA and in 4 of the 535 patients (0.7%, 95% CI: 0.2-1.5) who underwent single unilateral TKA. The odds ratio of confirmed VTE was 8.42 (95% CI: 2.49-28.4; p=0.001). Conclusion: The risk of VTE is significantly higher following simultaneous bilateral TKA than following single unilateral TKA. Further studies are needed to evaluate high-risk patients and to determine the appropriate thromboprophylaxis regimen.

Delirium en el perioperatorio de cirugía de cadera en el adulto mayor / Perioperative delirium in hip surgery in the elderly / Delirum na cirurgia de quadril no idoso

El delirium es una de las complicaciones más frecuentes de la cirugía por fractura de cadera. No hay estudios en Uruguay sobre este tema. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la frecuencia de delirium en el perioperatorio de cirugía por fractura de cadera, describir las características sociodemográficas y clínicas de la población y la asociación entre delirium y variables de interés. Se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico, prospectivo, de cohorte única. Se reclutaron 50 adultos mayores ingresados en el Instituto Nacional de Ortopedia y Traumatología, por fractura de cadera, candidatos a cirugía, durante un período de 4 meses. Se evaluaron previo a la cirugía, y en las 24 y 48 horas del postoperatorio. Se seleccionó una muestra no probabilística. Se contó con la aprobación del Comité de Ética del Hospital de Clínicas de Montevideo. La edad media fue de 83 años. La frecuencia de delirium fue de 42%, 28% previo a la cirugía y 14% en el postoperatorio. La frecuencia de delirium en los de 80 años o más fue del 53,3%. Se encontró una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la edad mayor de 80 años y el estado funcional basal y el desarrollo de delirium. Esta frecuencia coincide con estudios internacionales. El tamaño y la selección de la muestra pueden haber influido en los resultados secundarios. El delirium es frecuente en este contexto y enfatiza la necesidad de un enfoque multidisciplinario y protocolizado para el abordaje de la población mayor que se somete a cirugía ortopédica.

Delirium is one of the most common complications of hip fracture surgery. There are no studies in Uruguay on this subject. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of delirium in the perioperative period of hip fracture surgery, to describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the sample and the association between delirium and variables of interest. An observational, analytical, prospective, single cohort study was conducted. 50 older adults admitted to the National Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, for hip fracture, candidates for surgery, were recruited over a period of 4 months. They were evaluated before and after surgery. A non-probabilistic sample was selected. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Hospital de Clínicas of Montevideo. Average age was 83 years. The frequency of delirium was 42%, 28% before surgery and 14% in the postoperative period. The frequency of delirium in those aged 80 years or older was 53.3%. A statistically significant association was found between age over 80 years and baseline functional status and the development of delirium. This frequency is similar to that found in international studies. The size and selection of the sample may have influenced secondary outcomes. Delirium is frequent in this context and highlights the need for a multidisciplinary and protocolized approach to the elderly population undergoing orthopedic surgery.

O delirium é uma das complicações mais comuns da cirurgia de fratura do quadril. Não há estudos no Uruguai em cirurgia ortopédica. O objetivo do estudo foi determinar a freqüência de delirium no peri-operatório da cirurgia ortopédica de fratura do quadril, descrever as características sociodemográficos e clínicas da população, e descrever a associação entre o delirium e as variáveis de interesse. Realizou-se um estudo observacional, analítico, prospectivo e de coorte única. 50 pessoas idosas com fratura de quadril candidatos à cirurgia ortopédica foram recrutados do Instituto Nacional de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, por um período de 4 meses. Foi selecionada uma amostra não-probabilística. A coorte foi avaliada antes e depois da cirurgia. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Etica do Hospital de Clinicas. Idade média de 83 anos. A freqüência de delirium foi de 42%, 28% antes da cirurgia e 14% no pós-operatório. O percentual de delírio pré-operatório naqueles de 80 anos ou mais foi de 53,3%. Nós encontramos uma associação estatisticamente significativa entre a idade superior a 80 anos e o estatus funcional no desenvolvimento do delirium. Esta frequência encontrada coincide com estudos internacionais. O tamanho e a seleção da amostra podem ter influenciado os secundários. O delirium é comum neste contexto e enfatiza a necessidade de uma abordagem multidisciplinar e protocolada para os idosos que se someten a uma cirurgia ortopédica.

Estrategia restrictiva transfusional en cirugía ortopédica / Restrictive transfusion strategy in orthopedics surgery

Para pacientes que sufren artrosis avanzada o en algunos casos de fractura de cadera, la solución quirúrgica que se propone es la cirugía ortopédica mayor. Alguno de estos pacientes requerirá transfusión de sangre o hemocomponentes, o ambos, antes o después de la intervención. El abordaje de la anemia en el paciente quirúrgico puede hacerse de manera liberal, sujeto a la indicación de cada cirujano, o en el contexto de un protocolo restrictivo de reposición. Con este último el beneficio en el ahorro de recursos se acompaña además de un menor número de complicaciones relacionadas con la administración de sangre alogénica. El objetivo específico de nuestro trabajo fue comparar la estrategia liberal con la terapia restrictiva transfusional. Ingresaron en el estudio 498 pacientes; de estos, 261 (52,4%) en el año 2014 sometidos a terapia liberal y 237 (47,6%) en el año 2015 a quienes se aplicó el protocolo de terapia restrictiva transfusional. Se transfundieron menos individuos y se indicaron 55% menos volúmenes de sangre con la estrategia restrictiva. Se presentaron diez casos de reacción transfusional, todas de tipo febril, ocho en 2014 y dos en 2015. Con respecto a la evolución funcional no se comprobó diferencia entre ambos grupos. En nuestra experiencia y de acuerdo a la literatura consultada, la terapia restrictiva permite alcanzar iguales resultados funcionales, con menor riesgo para el paciente y ahorraría recursos al sistema.

Major orthopedic surgery is the surgical solution proposed for patients who suffer from advanced arthrosis or for some cases of hip fracture. Some of these patients will require blood and/or blood components transfusion before or after surgery. The approach to anemia in surgical patients may involve a liberal or a restrictive transfusion strategy, according to what each surgeon indicates, or observing the context of a restrictive protocol for blood replacement. The latter results in resource savings and in a reduction in the number of complications due to the administration of allogenic blood. The study aims to compare the liberal transfusion strategy to the restrictive strategy. 498 patients were included in the study, 261 of which (52.4%) were treated within the liberal strategy in 2014, and 237 (47.6%) were treated according to a restrictive transfusion protocol in 2015. A smaller number of individuals received blood transfusions and 55% less blood volumes were needed when the restrictive strategy was applied. Ten cases of transfusion reaction arose, all of them involving fever, 8 in 2014 and 2 in 2015. As to the functional evolution, no differences were found between the two groups. According to our study, and according to the global literature consulted, the restrictive therapy strategy enables the same functional results with a lower risk for patients, and it saves resources for the system.

Para pacientes com artrose avançada ou em alguns casos de fratura de quadril, a solução cirúrgica que se propõe é a cirurgia ortopédica maior. Algum destes pacientes necessitará transfusão de sangue e/ou hemocomponentes antes ou depois da intervenção. A abordagem da anemia no paciente cirúrgico pode ser feita de maneira liberal, sujeito à indicação de cada cirurgião, ou seguindo um protocolo restritivo de reposição. Utilizando este último se observa um beneficio não só na economia de recursos como também por um menor número de complicações relacionadas com a administração de sangue alogênica. O objetivo específico deste trabalho foi comparar a estratégia liberal com a terapia restritiva transfusional. Foram incluídos no estudo 498 pacientes, sendo 261 (52,4%) em 2014 submetidos à terapia liberal, e 237 (47,6%) em 2015 quando se utilizou o protocolo de terapia restritiva transfusional. Umnúmero menor de pacientes necessitou transfusão sanguínea e foram indicados 55% menos volumes de sangre com a estratégia restritiva. Foram registrados 10 casos de reação transfusional, todas do tipo febril, oito em 2014 e 2 em 2015. Com respeito à evolução funcional, não foram observadas diferenças entre ambos os grupos. Na nossa experiência e de acordo com a literatura consultada, a terapia restritiva permite alcançar resultados funcionais iguais commenos riscos para o paciente e pouparia recursos ao sistema.

Clinical study on Buyang-huanwu decoction preventing the formation of lower limb deep vein thrombosis after major orthopedic surgery / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To discuss Buyang-huanwu decoction preventing the formation of lower limb deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after major orthopedic surgery.Methods 60 patients were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group.The treatment group was treated with oral liquid of Buyang-huanwu,twice a day; while the control group was treated with 5000IU of low molecular heparin through subcutaneous injection,once daily.Prothrombin time (PT),activated partial thromboplatin time (APTT),fibrinogen (FIB),D-dimer,lower limb deep vein color B ultrasonic and the wound flow changes after 48 hours were observed at 1st,7th,and 14th day after medication.Results ①)Comparison on the incidence of DVT:The incidence of DVT in the treatment group was higher than the control group at 7th day after medication,this incidence turn to equal in the two groups at the 14th day after medication,while at the end of therapy,the incidence of DVT in the treatment group was lower than the control group with significant difference (P＜0.05).②Comparison on D-dimer changes:D-dimer at the 1st and 14th day were (0.782 ± 0.472) mg/1 and (0.320 ± 0.102) mg/1 in the treatment group and (0.720±0.421)mg/1 and (0.417 ± 0.217) mg/l in the control group.Comparing with the same group before treatment [the treatment group was(0.548±0.245)mg/1; the control group was (0.560±0.195) mg/l],D-dimer was increased at the 1 st day with obvious difference (P＜ 0.05),but reduced at the 14th day,without statistical difference (P＞0.05).Conclusion Buyang-huanwu decoction did not show good effects as low molecular heparin at the beginning of the treatment,but the its whole therapeutic effects and safety was better in treating lower limb deep vein thrombosis after major orthopedic surgery.

The effect of transdermal scopolamine plus intravenous dexamethasone for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients with epidural PCA after major orthopedic surgery / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is common complication of Patient-Controlled Analgesia (PCA) after surgery. The authors sought to determine whether a transdermal scopolamine (TDS) patch in combination with IV dexamethasone is more effective than IV dexamethasone alone or IV dexamethasone plus IV ramosetron for reducing PONV in patients receiving epidural PCA after major orthopedic surgery. METHODS: 120 patients that received epidural PCA with hydromorphone and ropivacaine after major orthopedic surgery under spinal anesthesia were allocated to 3 groups: Group D (n = 40) received IV dexamethasone 8 mg, Group DR (n = 40) received IV dexamethasone 8 mg plus IV ramosetron 0.3 mg, Group DS (n = 40) received IV dexamethasone 8 mg plus a TDS patch (Group DS, n = 40). Nausea and vomiting incidences, VAS for nausea, the use of additional antiemetics, and adverse effects (a dry mouth, blurred vision, drowsiness) during the first 24 hours postoperatively were subjected to analysis. RESULTS: The DS Group had a significantly higher rate of complete remission of PONV than the D and DR groups (82.5% vs 47.5%, and 50.0%, respectively), and had lower rates of nausea (17.5% vs 55.0%, and 50.0%), and vomiting (10.0% vs 50.0%, and 25.0%), and required less antiemetics (5.0% vs 35.0%, 22.5%) than group D and Group DR during the first 24 hours after surgery. Furthermore, no inter-group differences were observed with respect to adverse effects in the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: The prophylactic use of a TDS patch plus dexamethasone was found to be a more effective means of preventing PONV in patients that received epidural PCA after major orthopedic surgery than dexamethasone alone or dexamethasone plus ramosetron without adversely affecting side effects.